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                              C H A P T E R   7
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                   R T T   B A S I C   P R O G R A M M I N G
                     O N   T H E   C O M M O D O R E   6 4
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                                                TriadicFrameworks Docs
                                                Print Edition • p. 7‑1

Chapter 7 — RTT BASIC Programming on the Commodore 64

A complete programming guide for the RTT‑C64 Cartridge

Table of Contents (Chapter 7)#

(Print Edition — p. 7‑2)

Section I — Foundations#

  • 7.1 Substrates ............................................. p. 7‑3
  • 7.2 Fields .................................................. p. 7‑4
  • 7.3 Flows ................................................... p. 7‑5
  • 7.4 Alignment ............................................... p. 7‑6
  • 7.5 Resonance ............................................... p. 7‑7

Section II — Text Effects#

  • 7.6 Horizontal Scroll ....................................... p. 7‑8
  • 7.7 Brightness Pulse ........................................ p. 7‑9
  • 7.8 Wave Motion ............................................. p. 7‑10
  • 7.9 Ripple Effect ........................................... p. 7‑11
  • 7.10 Blink Field ............................................. p. 7‑12

Section III — Sprite & Graphics#

  • 7.11 Sprite Orbit ............................................ p. 7‑13
  • 7.12 Sprite Wobble ........................................... p. 7‑14
  • 7.13 Resonant Motion ......................................... p. 7‑15
  • 7.14 Sprite Pulse ............................................ p. 7‑16
  • 7.15 Mirror Field ............................................ p. 7‑17

Section IV — SID Audio#

  • 7.16 Dual‑Voice Resonance .................................... p. 7‑18
  • 7.17 Pulse Train ............................................. p. 7‑19
  • 7.18 Drone Field ............................................. p. 7‑20
  • 7.19 Tri‑Voice Stack ......................................... p. 7‑21
  • 7.20 Raster Sync Sweep ....................................... p. 7‑22

Appendix — Developer Notes#

  • 7.A Cartridge Architecture .................................. p. 7‑23
  • 7.B Memory Map .............................................. p. 7‑24
  • 7.C Timing & IRQ Behavior ................................... p. 7‑25
  • 7.D Compatibility Notes ..................................... p. 7‑26
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                         F O U N D A T I O N   C O N C E P T S
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                                                Print Edition • p. 7‑3

7.1 — Substrates#

A substrate is a named region of memory or hardware.
This is the foundation of RTT programming.

10 SUBSTRATE 1024,2023 AS "TEXT"
20 FOR I=1024 TO 2023:POKE I,ASC("*"):NEXT

7.2 — Fields#

(p. 7‑4)

A field adds boundary rules to a substrate.

10 SUBSTRATE 1024,2023 AS "TEXT"
20 FIELD 1024,2023 WITH "WRAP"

7.3 — Flows#

(p. 7‑5)

A flow is a transformation applied over time.

10 SUBSTRATE 1024,1279 AS "A"
20 SUBSTRATE 1280,1535 AS "B"
30 FLOW "COPY" FROM "A" TO "B" BY 1
40 FLOW "COPY"

7.4 — Alignment#

(p. 7‑6)

Synchronize flows with raster or CPU cycles.

10 ALIGN LOOP WITH RASTER 100
20 PRINT "TICK";
30 GOTO 10

7.5 — Resonance#

(p. 7‑7)

Couple two flows into a stable pattern.

10 SUBSTRATE SID1,SID1 AS "LEAD"
20 SUBSTRATE SID2,SID2 AS "BASS"
30 RESONATE "LEAD","BASS" BY 2
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                               T E X T   E F F E C T S
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                                                Print Edition • p. 7‑8

7.6 — Horizontal Scroll#

10 SUBSTRATE 1024,2023 AS "TEXT"
20 FIELD 1024,2023 WITH "WRAP"
30 FLOW "SCROLL" FROM "TEXT" TO "TEXT" BY 1
40 ALIGN "SCROLL" WITH RASTER 120
50 FLOW "SCROLL"

7.7 — Brightness Pulse#

(p. 7‑9)

10 SUBSTRATE 55296,56295 AS "COLOR"
20 FLOW "BRIGHT" FROM "COLOR" TO "COLOR" BY 1
30 FLOW "DIM" FROM "COLOR" TO "COLOR" BY 2
40 RESONATE "BRIGHT","DIM" BY 1
50 FLOW "BRIGHT"
60 FLOW "DIM"

7.8 — Wave Motion#

(p. 7‑10)

10 SUBSTRATE 1024,2023 AS "TEXT"
20 FLOW "WAVE" FROM "TEXT" TO "TEXT" BY 3
30 ALIGN "WAVE" WITH CYCLE 4
40 FLOW "WAVE"

7.9 — Ripple Effect#

(p. 7‑11)

10 SUBSTRATE 1024,2023 AS "TEXT"
20 FLOW "UP" FROM "TEXT" TO "TEXT" BY 1
30 FLOW "DOWN" FROM "TEXT" TO "TEXT" BY -1
40 RESONATE "UP","DOWN" BY 2
50 FLOW "UP"
60 FLOW "DOWN"

7.10 — Blink Field#

(p. 7‑12)

10 SUBSTRATE 55296,56295 AS "COLOR"
20 FIELD 55296,56295 WITH "MIRROR"
30 FLOW "BLINK" FROM "COLOR" TO "COLOR" BY 1
40 FLOW "BLINK"
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                         S P R I T E   &   G R A P H I C S
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                                                Print Edition • p. 7‑13

7.11 — Sprite Orbit#

10 SUBSTRATE 8192,8703 AS "SPRITEFIELD"
20 FIELD 8192,8703 WITH "WRAP"
30 FLOW "ORBIT" FROM "SPRITEFIELD" TO "SPRITEFIELD" BY 1
40 FLOW "ORBIT"

7.12 — Sprite Wobble#

(p. 7‑14)

10 SUBSTRATE 8192,8703 AS "SPRITEFIELD"
20 FLOW "WOBBLE" FROM "SPRITEFIELD" TO "SPRITEFIELD" BY 2
30 ALIGN "WOBBLE" WITH RASTER 80
40 FLOW "WOBBLE"

7.13 — Resonant Motion#

(p. 7‑15)

10 SUBSTRATE 8192,8703 AS "SPRITEFIELD"
20 FLOW "A" FROM "SPRITEFIELD" TO "SPRITEFIELD" BY 1
30 FLOW "B" FROM "SPRITEFIELD" TO "SPRITEFIELD" BY 3
40 RESONATE "A","B" BY 4
50 FLOW "A"
60 FLOW "B"

7.14 — Sprite Pulse#

(p. 7‑16)

10 SUBSTRATE 8192,8703 AS "SPRITEFIELD"
20 FLOW "PULSE" FROM "SPRITEFIELD" TO "SPRITEFIELD" BY 1
30 ALIGN "PULSE" WITH CYCLE 8
40 FLOW "PULSE"

7.15 — Mirror Field#

(p. 7‑17)

10 SUBSTRATE 8192,8703 AS "SPRITEFIELD"
20 FIELD 8192,8703 WITH "MIRROR"
30 FLOW "MIRROR" FROM "SPRITEFIELD" TO "SPRITEFIELD" BY 1
40 FLOW "MIRROR"
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                                                Print Edition • p. 7‑18

7.16 — Dual‑Voice Resonance#

10 SUBSTRATE SID1,SID1 AS "A"
20 SUBSTRATE SID2,SID2 AS "B"
30 FLOW "ENV1" FROM "A" TO "A" BY 1
40 FLOW "ENV2" FROM "B" TO "B" BY 2
50 RESONATE "ENV1","ENV2" BY 3
60 FLOW "ENV1"
70 FLOW "ENV2"

7.17 — Pulse Train#

(p. 7‑19)

10 SUBSTRATE SID1,SID1 AS "LEAD"
20 FLOW "PULSE" FROM "LEAD" TO "LEAD" BY 1
30 ALIGN "PULSE" WITH RASTER 100
40 FLOW "PULSE"

7.18 — Drone Field#

(p. 7‑20)

10 SUBSTRATE SID3,SID3 AS "DRONE"
20 FIELD SID3,SID3 WITH "WRAP"
30 FLOW "DRIFT" FROM "DRONE" TO "DRONE" BY 1
40 FLOW "DRIFT"

7.19 — Tri‑Voice Stack#

(p. 7‑21)

10 SUBSTRATE SID1,SID1 AS "A"
20 SUBSTRATE SID2,SID2 AS "B"
30 SUBSTRATE SID3,SID3 AS "C"
40 RESONATE "A","B" BY 2
50 RESONATE "B","C" BY 3
60 FLOW "A"
70 FLOW "B"
80 FLOW "C"

7.20 — Raster Sync Sweep#

(p. 7‑22)

10 SUBSTRATE SID1,SID1 AS "LEAD"
20 FLOW "SWEEP" FROM "LEAD" TO "LEAD" BY 1
30 ALIGN "SWEEP" WITH RASTER 50
40 FLOW "SWEEP"
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                               A P P E N D I X
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                           D E V E L O P E R   N O T E S
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                                                Print Edition • p. 7‑23

Appendix 7.A — Cartridge Architecture#

The RTT‑C64 cartridge hooks into:

  • BASIC token table
  • IRQ vector
  • NMI vector
  • Zero‑page workspace

All RTT commands dispatch to ROM‑resident routines.

Appendix 7.B — Memory Map#

(p. 7‑24)

Region Purpose
$8000–$9FFF RTT ROM (operators, flow engine)
$C000–$C7FF RTT runtime workspace
$D000–$DFFF SID/VIC‑II/CIA (unmodified)

Appendix 7.C — Timing & IRQ Behavior#

(p. 7‑25)

  • RTT installs a raster‑aware IRQ handler
  • Active flows are stepped each frame
  • ALIGN modifies IRQ scheduling
  • RESONATE modifies flow coupling tables

Appendix 7.D — Compatibility Notes#

(p. 7‑26)

  • Compatible with stock C‑64 and C‑64C
  • Compatible with 1541, 1571, SD2IEC
  • Fast‑Load cartridges may conflict unless disabled
  • Works with PAL and NTSC timing (auto‑detect)
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